出自 練家雄律師

繼承人有無不明時，如何處理? 繼承人明確，繼承比例為何?

(一) 繼承人有無不明時，如何處理?

Upon the opening of the succession, it is not clear whether or not there is an heir, how to deal it?

1. 依據台灣民法第1177條規定，繼承開始時，繼承人之有無不明者，由親屬會議於一個月內選定遺產管理人，並將繼承開始及選定遺產管理人之事由，向法院報明。Pursuant to Civil Code §1177「Where, upon the opening of the succession, it is not clear whether or not there is an heir, the family council shall appoint a manager for the property of the deceased within one month, and report to the court the opening of the succession and the appointment of the manager.」
2. 換言之，只有繼承開始時，繼承人有無不明時，親屬會議才需要選定遺產管理人，如果繼承人為誰，並無任何疑義，僅須由所有繼承人共同管理之。In other words, where, upon the opening of the succession, it is not clear whether or not there is an heir, the family council shall appoint a manager for the property of the deceased. If there is no dispute about who is heir, the property of the deceased shall only be managed by all heirs jointly.

(二) 誰是往生者的遺產之受益人及相關受益人所應得之比例?

Who is the heirs of deceased and what is the entitled portion of the property of the deceased?

1. 誰是繼承人： Who is the heirs of deceased?

根據台灣民法第1138規定，「遺產繼承人，除配偶外，依左列順序定之：一、直系血親卑親屬。二、父母。三、兄弟姊妹。四、祖父母。」；第1139規定「前條所定第一順序之繼承人，以親等近者為先。」。換言之，若往生者有配偶以及直系血親卑親屬時，即由上述兩者繼承之。Pursuant to Civil Code §1138：「Heirs to property other than the spouse come in the following order:(1) Lineal descendants by blood;(2) Parents;(3) Brothers ; (4) Grandparents.」；Civil Code §1139：「Among persons of the first order provided in the preceding Article, the person nearest in degree of relationship comes first as the heir.」In other words, where there are spouse and lineal descendants by blood, both of them will inherit the property of the deceased.

2. 相關繼承遺產之比例是什麼：What is the entitled portion of the property of the deceased?

台灣民法規定第1144條第一款規定：「配偶有相互繼承遺產之權，其應繼分，依左列各款定之：一、與第一千一百三十八條所定第一順序之繼承人同為繼承時，其應繼分與他繼承人平均。」。例如，往生者有配偶以及三名直系血親卑親屬，所以往生者之遺產，則由四人均分。Pursuant to Civil Code §1144(1)：「Each spouse has the right to inherit the property of the other, and his or her entitled portion is determined according to the following Subparagraphs:(1) Where the spouse inherits concurrently with heirs of the first order, as provided in Article 1138, his or her entitled portion is equal to the other heirs」. For example, the deceased has spouse and three lineal descendants by blood. Hence, the property of the deceased shall be equal to four heirs.